While working for a telecommunications consulting firm, Ken Barron investigates complaints about the noisy gas-fired ovens at Dino’s Pizza on Broadway in Vancouver. Drawing insights from reading Leo Beranek, Barron designs a 10 foot by 4 foot cylindrical muffler, which helps mitigate oven noise and appease Dino’s neighbours. Among Barron Strachan’s early equipment are General Radio manual octave band analyzers. As the company grows, it acquires a plethora of Brüel & Kjær meters, microphones and accessories. But if the necessary equipment doesn’t exist, the firm develops it in-house. “We made our own community noise analyzers,” explains Ken Barron, “by placing a sound meter in a metal box and strapping it to a telephone pole, so the kids couldn’t reach it. We’d check back every couple of days to change batteries and tape.” These early community noise monitors are connected to a standard tape recorder and controlled with a timer developed in-house, programmed to sample every 30 secs. Hired to investigate noise complaints at the Whistler Inn, Ken Barron traces the problem to the bathroom. When he unfastens the cover to the bathtub’s overflow drain, he hears a splash and a clunk. “I look into the overflow drain,” recalls Barron, “and see a lady’s blue eye staring back at me from the other side. Then I hear a scream.” Barron finds that all the overflow drains are connected with straight pipe, so each tub overflows into the tub in the adjacent suite. His recommendations to reduce noise transmission between suites includes significant plumbing upgrades. Barron Strachan provides acoustical consulting on the award-winning Qube (then known as the Westcoast Transmission Building) in Vancouver. Barron Strachan conducts a noise survey of the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD). The survey is led by acoustician John Price and staff from 14 municipalities help take sound measurements at more than 10,000 points, covering an area larger than any other previous noise survey in North America. The survey costs the GVRD $23,000 and the results inform the development of appropriate noise bylaw limits. Barron & Strachan is retained to assess the potential for noise and vibration impacts at a proposed 120-unit co-operative residential housing development on the 15 acre Glen Robin site in Burnaby. The site is adjacent to a CN Rail mainline and the newly realigned Highway 1 and is exposed to very high noise levels. This landmark environmental noise assessment and building noise control project forms the basis for how Lower Mainland municipalities address the potential effects of noise on proposed residential developments. Barron Strachan purchases a pdp8 and develops it for acoustical analysis and accounting. After acquiring a Hewlett-Packard 1/3-octave analog filter set, Bob Strachan and Marcel Rivard construct a sampling system to display third octave band output on an oscilloscope. In 1975, the firm builds an analog-to-digital converter, which allows the pdp8 to interpret the analog output. This converter, christened Third Octave Band Analog to Digital System—or TOBADS for short, functions as a real-time analyzer that calculates reverberation time, equivalent sound levels, 1/3 octaves, exceedance levels and sweeps up to 300 per second for 40 bands. Tom Siddon, UBC professor and designer of the campus’s anechoic chamber, forms Aeroacoustic Systems Ltd. with former students Ken Harford and Doug Kennedy. They provide acoustical consulting under the name Acoustical Engineering Ltd. Clair Wakefield joins the company in 1973, and the following year Harford Kennedy Wakefield (HKW) is formed. In 1978, Siddon embarks on a successful political career, first as a Richmond city councillor and then at the House of Commons where his positions include Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Minister of Defence. In 1980, Wakefield leaves to join the Ministry of Transportation and Dan Lyzun becomes a partner. The firm rebrands as HKL. Seemingly every acoustician in Vancouver is working on the environmental noise assessment for the runway expansion at YVR. While HKW technicians set up several mobile labs with FM tape recorders and perform community noise monitoring, Barron & Associates responds to runway-related noise complaints. Ken Barron recalls visiting an elementary school near the runway and feeling the building shake whenever a plane takes off. “That school’s roof was designed to keep out rain,” he says, “not jet aircraft noise.” Barron recommends numerous acoustical upgrades such as installing additional insulation and a second roof. While working on the Polaris Tower (now Harbour Centre), Doug Whicker grows tired of manual calculations and develops DUCTS, a mechanical and system noise prediction software that draws from data gathered during extensive field measurements. DUCTS provides more accurate results and eliminates the process of double checking every calculation. Ken Harford and Doug Kennedy form two offshoot companies in 1975. They launch Industrial Audiometric Services, which becomes the first company to provide mobile hearing testing services across BC. And with Steve Hui, they found Mechtronics Research Corporation. Mechtronics manufactures specialized acoustical instrumentation, including one the earliest available equivalent sound level meters and automobile noise testing equipment that is installed in motor vehicle inspection stations operated by the BC Motor Vehicle Branch. To test transmission loss, Marcel Rivard and Gordon Hall design the NS1, a portable speaker/pink noise generator capable of testing STC 60 with reliable results. Later the NS1 becomes the NS-100, a Tracoustics product that is licensed by Barron & Associates and used for decades. The plaid slacks are an optional accessory. During renovations to convert Vancouver’s historic Orpheum Theatre into a symphony space, Barron & Associates is hired to assess building acoustics and collaborates with theatre acoustician Theodore Schultz. Doug Whicker recalls Shultz carrying “about ten different pieces of equipment, all strung together with cables and everything and all kinds of messy stuff. He came in with an array of electrostatic speakers and he was using this to focus his ceiling clouds. And Marcel Rivard had a look at it and says, ‘I can do a better job than that.’” The result is the Sound Beam acoustic flashlight—four electrostatic speakers and a filtered high-frequency noise source connected to an automotive headlight. The headlight illuminates where the sound from the speakers is aimed. BKL uses the acoustic flashlight for the next three decades to align reflecting panels in theatres. Barron & Associates expands to Edmonton, establishing a satellite office with Doug Whicker, who then hires Michel Morin, Cliff Faszer, and Shelley Lorimer. The office, home to the firm’s Prairie Division, designs the company’s largest HVAC system to date for the University of Alberta’s Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre. Back in Vancouver, Mike Noble manages acoustical consulting services and Tom Mavrow oversees A/V services. HKW opens a Calgary office, manned by Doug Kennedy. HKW and Les Frank form HFP Acoustical Consultants which later splits to become a separate entity. Doug Kennedy, commissioned by Transport Canada, determines the accuracy of simplified CSA standard testing and site-to-site repeatability for heavy truck vehicle certification. His findings are published by the Society of Automotive Engineers. He then develops noise compliance test programs for new motorcycles, heavy trucks and buses to confirm that noise emissions comply with federal government regulations. His involvement in these programs extends for the next 15 years. Barron & Associates acoustician John Walsh, along with Norman Dadoun, a member of UBC’s computer sciences department, develops software that simulates room acoustics. Walsh describes the acoustics modelling system, dubbed Godot after the Samuel Beckett play Waiting for Godot, in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, and again in a technical session with Marcel Rivard at the Audio Engineering Society Conference in Anaheim in 1982. Godot becomes a precursor to modern ray-tracing room acoustics software. Acoustical consulting on the SkyTrain Expo Line leads to three decades of work on the Millennium Line, Canada Line and Evergreen Line. Doug Whicker develops SOUNDMDL, software that is used for the next 20 years to predict and illustrate the propagation of environmental noise outdoors, taking into account source directivity, geometrical spreading, atmospheric absorption, wind and thermal gradients, ground effect, and reflection and diffraction effects of barriers in 3-D space. After SOUNDMDL’s prediction results are confirmed by field measurements on a number of occasions, the software is recognized by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Alberta Energy Regulator and BC Utilities Commission. Doug Whicker helps organize the 12th meeting of the International Congress of Acoustics, the Vancouver Symposium on Acoustics and Theatre Planning for the Performing Arts. The symposium’s technical convener is John Walsh. Delegates include top experts in theatre acoustics from across the globe (Schultz, Meyer, Schroeder, Ando and Peutz, to name a few) and the event spotlights the capabilities of Vancouver-area theatre acousticians. Sharpe Sound Studios in North Vancouver adds a new Foley studio. Since a Foley studio records subtle sound effects like twigs snapping and leaves falling, this new studio must be “intensely quiet.” Sharpe asks BKL to achieve an isolation level of NC 0—yet the lowest official NC rating available is NC 10. So BKL develops theoretical curves to properly assess the design to mitigate the studio’s noisy rooftop ventilation unit, nearby toilet and other noise sources. After the work is complete, the team sits in the studio and turns on the mechanical system. The isolation is so effective that the studio mics can’t pick up the noise. Doug Whicker identifies acoustical issues with the National and BC Building Codes’ method for installing shear bracing on the inside of party walls. He sends a memo titled “Shear Bracing Alert” to every architect and building inspector in Western Canada. His memo is backed by the acousticians at the National Research Council. While the National Building Code is updated with a footnote, the issue persists for years. BKL designs the arena bowl acoustics and mechanical system noise controls for Rogers Arena (then known as GM Place), a venue noted by critics and performers for its excellent acoustics. The Who performs Quadrophenia at GM Place in 1996, and Roger Daltrey, the band’s singer, leaves the stage with these words: “Thank you, Vancouver, for letting us play someplace where you could actually hear us!” During construction of the $1.2-billion Millennium Line, BKL predicts operational noise levels. Follow-up measurements later confirm the impressive accuracy of these predictions. BKL also assesses construction-related vibration, which becomes a dicey process at times. For one measurement, the team places its equipment in a tunnel, leaves the tunnel and waits while drivers pound 10-foot diameter piles into the ground, shaking nearby buildings and communication cable runs. Fortunately vibration levels aren’t high enough to cause damage, and the team retrieves its equipment without having to employ shovels. A $20-million restoration commences at the century-old Christ Church Cathedral in downtown Vancouver. BKL consults on acoustical design, which includes better isolation to mitigate noise from the ventilation system and road traffic. One unique acoustical issue is a lack of presence in the sanctuary—partly due to lightweight building materials used during construction. Mike Noble develops appropriate recommendations to increase reverberation times in the space. Work continues in phases over the next two decades and concludes in the fall of 2016 with the completion of a brand-new zinc roof, the final upgrade to help lengthen the reverb times. With the acoustical upgrades, the cathedral becomes an ideal setting for worship services, concerts and recording sessions. BKL takes the stand in a murder trial, State of Nebraska versus Castor. Doug Whicker flies to Buffalo County, Nebraska, to investigate the claims of witnesses who said they heard gunshot noise outdoors. Whicker’s investigation refutes their claims, finding that any shots fired from the location where the body was found could not have been heard at the witnesses’ home. Located under a flight path near YVR, the River Rock Casino is frequently exposed to aircraft noise. BKL is hired to isolate the theatre from the noise and recommended several special acoustical measures to isolate the atrium, buffet, hotel and theatre. BKL is initially asked to isolate the casino, yet noise levels inside the casino made isolation unnecessary. BKL begins to invest in Brüel & Kjær Type 2250 sound analyzers. The new analyzers provide a slew of advantages, including the ability to quickly compare sound pressure levels with audio files at any point during a measurement’s time history. Confirming the source of a noise event in absentia has never been easier! Mike Noble publishes an article in the Acoustical Society of America’s newsletter Echoes that highlights the impacts of green building design trends on building acoustics. The article describes how increased use of natural ventilation, eco-friendly materials and radiant cooling creates significant acoustical challenges—and explains what acousticians can consider to address these risks. The $3.3-billion Port Mann / Highway 1 Design-Build Project becomes the largest highway infrastructure project in Canada. BKL carries out noise impact and mitigation assessments, predicting and assessing construction noise and vibration, analyzing the design of noise walls, and quantifying how noise from both future and current traffic volumes affect residences. BKL invests $40,000 in a Soundbook eight-channel sound and vibration analyzer. BKL provides acoustical consulting on the new Teck Acute Care Centre at BC Children’s and BC Women’s hospitals, designing the acoustics for all interior spaces and, during construction, monitoring noise and vibration in occupied spaces (with automatic alerts). This project sees BKL return to the Oak Street site where, in the early 1980s, Barron & Associates consulted on the design of Grace Hospital when it relocated from Heather Street. CBC’s The Nature of Things with David Suzuki interviews BKL acousticians Ping Chen and Gary Mak for its special feature on sound, “Sonic Magic: The Wonder and Science of Sound.” BKL receives the Innovation Award at the North Vancouver Chamber’s 2018 Business Excellence Awards. The presenters highlight the firm’s solution-focused approach to the acoustical design of the Pacific Autism Family Centre, a healthcare facility located by Vancouver International Airport.Dino’s Pizza
Octave Band Analyzers
The Blue-Eyed Lady
The Qube
Greater Vancouver Noise Survey
Dawn of the Residential Noise Study
pdp8
Acoustical Engineering Ltd.
Vancouver Airport Expansion
DUCTS Mechanical System Noise Prediction Software
Industrial Audiometric Services and Mechtronics Research Corp.
NS-100 Transmission Loss Tester
Sound Beam Acoustic Flashlight
Edmonton Satellite Office
HFP Acoustical Consultants
Transport Canada Vehicle Noise Testing
Godot Room Acoustics Simulation Software
Expo Line SkyTrain
SOUNDMDL
ICA Theatre Acoustics Symposium
Timms Centre for the Arts
Sharpe Sound Studios
Shear Bracing Alert!
Rogers Arena
Millennium Line SkyTrain
Christ Church Cathedral
Expert Witness Testimony
River Rock Casino
Calgary Courts Centre
Brüel & Kjær 2250 Sound Analyzers
Green Design, LEED and Acoustics
CBC Vancouver Studios
Port Mann / Highway 1 Improvements Project
Soundbook Analyzer
01dB DUO Smart Noise Monitors and Syscom MR3000C Vibration Meters
Teck Acute Care Centre at BC Children’s and BC Women’s Hospitals
On the Small Screen
Innovation Award